Conjunction (Grammar 3)

Name              : Okta Mahendra

SRN                : 12340005

Subject           : Grammar 3

Lecturer         : SyaifudinL,M.Pd.

Conjunction

A.  Definition of Conjunction

Conjunction is word that has function to connect two or more phrases or clauses. It is called as joiners because it will be in  clauses, or phrases and connect them in good sentence, so it will create compound and complex sentences.

B.  Kind of Conjunction

a.      Compound Conjunction

Compound Conjunctions are conjunctons that used fo linking two phrases or clauses and produce compund sentence which do not create sub clause. Th kinds of them are;

1.      Coordinative Conjunction

Coordinating conjunctions are the ones which tend to spring to mind when people think about conjunctions. They include of FANBOYS for, and, nor, but, or , yet, so. They are used to join individual words, phrases and independent clauses.

1.1     Coordinating Conjunctions Joining Individual Words.

       E.g.

(1) Jamie, Adam and Lee arranged to meet by The Bull at 7 o'clock. (conjunction and groups Jamie, Adam + Lee)

       (2) It is a small but practical kitchen. (conjunction but groups small + practical)

1.2     Coordinating Conjunctions Joining Individual Phrases

       E.g.

The finance manager or his new deputy will notify you when the report is ready.

1.3 Coordinating Conjunctions Joining Individual Clauses

       E.g.,

(1) A little sincerity is a dangerous thing, and a great deal of it is absolutely fatal.

(conjunction and joins two independent clauses)

(2) We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.

(conjunction but joins two independent clauses)

(3) History will be kind to me, for I intend to write it.

(conjunction for joins two independent clauses)

2.      Correlative Conjunction

Some conjunctions combine with other words to form what are called correlative conjunctions. They always travel in pairs, joining various sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal. Correlative conjunctions sometimes create problems in parallel form. Here is a brief list of common correlative conjunctions.

both . . . and not only . . . but also not . . . but either . . . or

neither . . . nor whether . . . or as . . . as

• She led the team not only in statistics but also by virtue of her enthusiasm.
• Polonius said, "Neither a borrower nor a lender be."
• Whether you win this race or lose it doesn't matter as long as you do your best.

The other example are:

·      Both my grandfather and my father worked in the steel plant.

In this sentence, the correlative conjunction "both...and" is used to link the two noun phrases that act as the compound subject of the sentence: "my grandfather" and "my father".

Bring either a Jello salad or a potato scallop.

Here the correlative conjunction "either...or" links two noun phrases: "a Jello salad" and "a potato scallop."

·      Corinne is trying to decide whether to go to medical school or to go to law school.

Similarly, the correlative conjunction "whether ... or" links the two infinitive phrases "to go to medical school" and "to go to law school."

·      The explosion destroyed not only the school but also the neighbouring pub.

In this example the correlative conjunction "not only ... but also" links the two noun phrases ("the school" and "neighbouring pub") which act as direct objects.

3.      Conjunctive Adverb

The conjunctive adverbs such as however, moreover, nevertheless, consequently, as a result, therefore, otherwise, furthermore, hence, also, then, besides, accordingly, meanwhile, thus, on other hand, in a fact, as a result, for the reason, etc.,  are used to create complex relationships between ideas.

e.g.,  (1) They came meanwhile it was rainy.

         (2) In a fact, it is small mammal.

Punctuation:	Place a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb and a comma after theconjunctive adverb.

b.      Complex Conjunction

Complex conjunctions are connecting words that link two clauses or phrases and produce sub clause or dependent clause and main clause or independent clause . so, it will create complex sentence. A Subordinating Conjunction (sometimes called a dependent word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent) Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence. It also turns the clause into something that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.

These words are commonly used as subordinating conjunctions,

After	in order (that)	Unless
Although	insofar as	until
As	in that	when
as far as	lest	whenever
as soon as	no matter how	where
as if	now that	wherever
as though	once	whether
because	provided (that)	while
before	since	why
even if	so that
even though	supposing (that)
how	than
if	that
inasmuch as	though
in case (that)	till

Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses together, but in doing so, they make one clause dependent (or "subordinate") upon the other.

Conjunction	Contoh conjunction dalam Kalimat
Who	The girl who is reading a novel is my sister
Which	I love that picture which can make me happy
Where	The teacher knows where the students are hiding.
Why	Mom doesn’t know why the washing machine is not working.
How	Dad knows how to fix a car
That	-Rob realized that it’s not his fault -The wallet that is brought by him is gone.
While	Uncle Sam is gardening while Patsy takes a nap
Whether	I don’t know whether it’s right or wrong
Before	I had locked the door before I left the house
Although, though	I have to attend the lectures although it’s going to rain
Since	We have had in a relationship since in high school.
So that	-You are so beautiful that everybody’s attracted to you. -Harry has to study hard so that he can pass the national exam
Until	You have to wait until the bus comes.
As	-Coolie fell down the stairs as he tried to get down
After	I directly go to campus after taking a bath
As if	She talks  as if knowing everything
In order that	You need to smile in order that she likes you.
Once	Gary called his girlfriend once he got a badnews
Beause of + (noun phrase)Because + (S+V)	-My roommate is screaming because of the sudden dark. -She did not come today because she is sick.
Unless	You may sign the attendance list unless you come on time
If	I won’t give them a mercy if I were you.
Than	You’d better find the solution soon than complaining.
As long as	You’re allowed to live here as long as you pay the monthly fee.

A subordinating conjunction may appear at a sentence beginning or between two clauses in a sentence.

A subordinate conjunction usually provides a tighter connection between clauses than a coordinating conjunctions does.

Loose:	It is raining, so we have an umbrella.
Tight:	Because it is raining, we have an umbrella.

C.  Sources Lists

http://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/conjunctions.htm#ALA0epPVis6lr5QV.99

http://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/conjunctions.htm

http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/conjunct.html